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Austrian Alps

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Austria

(oficiální název zní Republika Austria, německy Republik Österreich) is a landlocked federal republic located in Central Europe. It consists of 9 Länder. It borders with Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west, s Itálií a Slovinskem na jihu, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, and the Czech, Německem in the north. Největší města jsou Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg a Innsbruck.

Österreich in English means "Eastern Empire". It comes from staroněmeckého Ostarrîchi (documented in a charter of Emperor Otto III. year 996), This was the name of so-called. Eastmarches (Marchia orientalis), which was at that time the easternmost territory of the German population. Austria Latinizovaná appearance has nothing to do with Australia (terra australis incognita = unknown southern land).

Czech naming Austria (historically Rakúsy, Austria later) comes from a border castle Ratgoz (Raabs today at the confluence of the Moravian and německéDyje), Czech businessmen whose name garbled on Rakús (or Rakús). According to him, then named the surrounding territory and later the whole country.

Enclave and exclave

Na území Rakouska se nachází údolí Kleinwalsertal – funkční enkláva Německa. Kleinwalsertal sice patří k rakouské spolkové zemi Vorarlbersko a geograficky leží i těsně při ní, but based on topographic position is only accessible by road from Germany. Other similar German enclave exists in Tyrol. Obec Jungholz, in which to get also from Austria, associated with the latter only 1636 m high mountain Sorgschrofen.

Na druhé straně existuje i funkční enkláva Rakouska, která se nachází ve Switzerland. City Samnaun been long been associated with any route Switzerland, but accessible only through the Tyrol. This led to, that there Romansh disappeared and instead adopted the local dialect residents alike tyrolskému. Meanwhile, a road was built leading to Samnaun, which is already moving in entirely on Swiss territory, and even includes duty-free zone, that there had already been introduced. In a similar situation as Samnaun was until 1980 Spiss village at the Austrian-Swiss border.

Surface

Approximately 60 % country is mountainous in nature and has a share of the Eastern Alps (especially Central Tyrolean Alps, Hohe Tauern and the Tauern, Northern Limestone Alps, Southern Limestone Alps and the Wienerwald). In Upper and Lower Austria, north of the Danube, is part of the old mountains of the Bohemian Massif, which extends further into the Czech Republic and Bavaria. On the eastern borders lie Malé Karpaty Mountains.

Great Plain lies to the east along the Danube (mainly Alpine foreland basin and Vienna with the Moravian field), but also in the southern Styria, which for its resemblance to the Italian countryside Tuscany also called Styrian Tuscany.

Of the total area of ​​Austria (83 871,1 km ²) falls on the hills and lowlands of approximately one quarter. Only 32 % is less than 500 m n. m. 43 % area is forested. The lowest point is Hedwighof (okres Apetlon - Burgenland) 114 m n.m. In contrast, the highest point is the peak of Grossglockner (3798 m n.m.).

Five major geographic formations Austria:

  • Part of the Eastern Alps (52 600 km ², 62,8 % area of ​​the country)
  • Part of the Alpine and Carpathian foreland (9500 km ², 11,3 %)
  • Foreland in the east, peripheral areas of the Pannonian Plain (9500 km ², 11,3 %)
  • Granite and gneiss plane, part of the mountains of the Bohemian Massif (8500 km ², 10,2 %)
  • Part of the Vienna Basin (3700 km ², 4,4 %)

Mountains

Großglockner from the southwest

The ten highest mountains of Austria (Austrian Alps):

Name Height Mountains
1. Grossglockner 3798 m Hohe Tauern
2. Wildspitze 3774 m Ötztal Alps
3. White ball 3738 m Ötztal Alps
4. Großvenediger 3666 m Hohe Tauern
5. Rear Brochkogel 3628 m Ötztal Alps
6. Rear blackness 3624 m Ötztal Alps
7. Similaun 3599 m Ötztal Alps
8. Front Brochkogel 3566 m Ötztal Alps
9. Large Wiesbachhorn 3564 m Hohe Tauern
10. Rainer Horn 3560 m Hohe Tauern

Lakes

Lake Neusiedl

Austria's largest lake is Lake Neusiedl in Burgenland, which comprises 77 % its total area 315 km ² (the rest of the lake is part of Hungary). Followed by the Attersee 46 km² a Traunsee s 24 km ² in Upper Austria. Big Lake Constance is also an area of 536 km ², Austria, however, belongs to only a small portion. Lakes are next to mountains of great importance in tourism, especially Carinthian lakes and the Salzkammergut. The most famous example is. Wörthersee (the biggest lake of Carinthia), Millstatt, Ossiach a Weissensee. Also known as Lake Mondsee and Wolfgangsee on the border of Upper Austria and Salzburg.

River

River Lech, flowing through the municipality Musau vTyrolsku, view from Achselu (~ 1150 m n. m.)

The largest part of Austria (80 566 km ²) is drained by the Danube to the Black Sea. Only small areas are drained Rhine (2366 km ²) into the North Sea. Large tributaries of the Danube (from west to east):

  • Lech, Inn (drain Tyrol) in Salzach (drained Salzburg, except Lungau and parts Pongau).
  • Ashach, Traun, Enns, Ybbs, Erlauf, Traisen, Vienna (river) Fischa and drain areas of Styria, ADolních Upper Austria and Vienna, lying south of the Danube.
  • Large and Small Mühl, Rodl, Aist, Match, Schmida a Rußbach, as Thaya (Thaya) a March (Lived) on the eastern borders, drain areas of Upper and Lower Austria lying north of the Danube.
  • Mur River drains Lungau Salzburg and Styria and Croatia in the estuary of the River Drava, which odvodňujeKorutany and East Tyrol. Drava in Croatia meets the Danube.

 

Klopotec in southern Styria

Climate – Austria's climate is described as mixed oceanic and continental climate, or. Pannonian climate. Thanks to these particularities climate is known eastern Austria freezing winters and hot summers with low precipitation year round. Thanks to this, Austria rightfully belongs to the Central European Transition Climate, with regard to the Alps in the middle and on the west and the Pannonian Plain in eastern.

Languages

German is the official and native language of approximately 98 % Austrian citizens. Although there is no "Austrian standard German", Austrian variant of standard German show some deviations from other German-speaking countries. They are captured in Austria dictionary, which is then taken as the source of rules Dudenovým dictionary. In Austria, there are mainly two basic dialects hornoněmeckých languages:

  • Alamanni (German Alamannisch) - Especially Vorarlberg and Tyrol district of Reutte)
  • Bavorština (German Bairisch) - In all other provinces, ie. seven million Austrians speak bairišským middle or southern dialect.

 

Austrian Alps

Masiv Fuscherkarkopf od Ferleiten. Hohe Tauern
Masiv Fuscherkarkopf od Ferleiten. Hohe Tauern
The highest point Grossglockner (3 798 m n. m.)
Area cca. 60000 km ²
Parent Unit Eastern Alps, Alps
Neighboring units Italian Alps, Swiss Alps,Slovenian Alps
Continent Europe
States Austria Austria
Basin Rhine, Danube, Salzach, Enns

 

Surface of Austria consists of two-thirds of the Alps belonging orography Eastern Alps. Alps, however, do not occupy the entire area of ​​the country and there are several completely different mountains and landscapes. Alpine foothills face is furrowed longitudinally multitude of mostly flowing rivers, comprising up to several tens of kilometers long valley. In Austria affect the overall breakdown only Eastern Alps. You further divided into three geological units. The main Alpine ridge, who form the majority of the largest Austrian mountain crystal falls under the Central Alps. Prevailing rock is gneiss, granite, schists, slate, but marginally sandstone, limestone or dolomite.

artificial lakes and Oscheniksee Bösecksee (Hohe Tauern) Krimml Waterfalls

Alps

are the main source area of ​​Europe. Almost the entire territory of Austria belongs to the Danube. The only exception is the westernmost Land Vorarlberg, whence the rivers drain into the Upper Rhine, possibly in Lake Constance. The Danube flows through the Austrian territories in length 350 km and is the only navigable river. Danube to infuse almost all alpine river. In the first place it is the Inn, Salzach, Traun, Enns, Ybbs, Traisen,Drava, Mur and more. A large proportion of the river flow has more than 600 km ² glacier. Austrian Alps can boast an unusually large number of lakes. Overall, there are about 580 and are mostly of glacial origin. Most of them are small diamonds hidden lake high in the mountains. Great Lakes look for more in the foothills of the Alps. The severuhřebene it is mainly the Salzkammergut region (Salzkammergut mountains) s jezery Attersee (46,7km ²), Traunsee,Mondsee, Wolfgangsee a další. To the south are the Austrian Alps lake in Klagenfurt basin – Wörthersee,Ossiachersee, Millstättersee atd. The highest parts of the mountains, especially in the Hohe Tauern was built a huge dam lake, which have considerable energetic importance for the whole country.

Ibex in the Berchtesgaden Alps

Alps are presented primarily for its tiered arrangement of vegetation zones. The slopes of the mountains to the above 700 m (in the south to 800 m) occupy mostly meadows, field or vineyard. From this height have been growing forests and up to the 2000 m (Northern Limestone Alps – 1800 m). Forests occupy in Austria to 38% total land area. Nejrozšířenějšídřevinou the spruce. Above the tree line climbs up to 2700 m zone scrub and above that height to meet with staves mountain juniper forests, willow and dwarf rhododendrons. The highest mountains of the floor belongs alpskýmbylinám. The mountain forests are still living abundantly roe deer and deer. At higher altitudes will meet with representatives of typical alpine fauna – chamois, ibex and marmots. Although the bear was extinct in the Alps, Yet we can with this beast represents the biggest European meet primarily in the areas of the Southern Limestone Alps (Carnic Alps), which migrates here from the nearby Slovenian Alps.

Dachstein Mammoth Cave
  • National Park Hohe Tauern

Is the largest national park Hohe Tauern Nationalpark (Hohe Tauern). Today the entire area of ​​the park including the ochrannýchúzemí 1800 km ², making it the largest territory in the Alps chráněním. The NP is located in the federal states of Salzburg,Carinthia, East Tyrol and Tyrol.

  • National Park Nockberge

Nationalpark Nockberge was announced in r. 1987 and protect the unspoiled nature in less familiar Nockberge massif in the federal states of Carinthia, Salzburg and Styria. On the desktop 21000 ha are protected natural alpine relief, Alpine meadows and mountain peaks around the highest parts. Significant encroachment into the alpine landscape was build silniceNockalmstrasse leading up to 2000 m n. m. The area of ​​the park can observe the rich flora (rare pochybek, dwarf birch, Mochan and more). Among the mammals is present deer, chamois, marmot, bird empire represents Owl, grouse and very rare Bore.

  • National Park Kalkalpen

Nationalpark Kalkalpen is established by a national park protecting nature limestone Alps in Pyhrn - Eisenwurzen.

Among the most important protected areas to name a few to caves Dachstein Dachstein-Mammuthöhle and Riesenhöhle and adjacent lakes Gossauská, Totes Gebirge part of the mountains around Lake Grundlsee, deep valley of the Enns called Gesäuse. In Lower Austria is an area vrcholuÖtscher and limestone gorges in the vicinity. As protected areas are declared part of the Wilder Kaiser mountain range in Tyrol and Karwendel. Natural parks jsouHohe Wand, Schwarzau mountain v Pohoří Rax, a large area of ​​the eastern Tauern Low – Stein. Among the natural reserves in the Alps remember the first Krimml Waterfalls, which is among the largest in Europe, See also Lake Altausseer in Salzkammergutberge and many more.

Division of the Austrian Alps

Safran Karpatsky (Karavanke) Wildspitze – 3770 m (Ötztal Alps)
Division
Wienerwald (Vienna Woods) – Schöpfl (893 m)
Rax – Heukuppe (2007 m)
Schneeberg – Klosterwappen (2076 m)
Gutenstein Alps – Reisalpe (1399 m)
Upper Austrian foothills – Hohe Nock (1903 m)
Türnitzer Alps – Türnitzer Hoeger (1372 m)
Miirzsteg Alps – Windberg (1903 m)
Hochschwab – Hochschwab (2277 m)
Ybbstaler Alps – Ötscher (1893 m)
Ennstal Alps – Hochtor (2369 m)
Totes Gebirge – Grosser Priel (2515 m)
Salzkammergut mountains – Gamsfeld (2028 m)
Dachstein – Hoher Dachstein (2995 m)
Tennengebirge – Raucheck (2431 m)
Berchtesgaden Alps – Hochkönig (2941 m)
Dientener mountains – Stone dog (2117 m)
Stone Mountain – Birnhorn (2634 m)
Kaiser Mountains (Wilder Kaiser) - Picturesque mountain (2344 m)
Chiemgau Alps – Sonntagshorn (1961 m)
Rofan – Hochiss (2289 m)
Karwendel – Birkkarspitze (2749 m)
Wetterstein – Zugspitze (2968 m)
Lech Valley Alps – Parseierspitze (3036 m)
Verwall – Hoher Riffler (3168 m)
Allgäu Alps – Grosser Krotenkopf (2657 m)
Tauern – Hochgolling (2863 m)
Nock – Rosenock (2440 m)
Lavantal Alps – Zirbitzkogel (2396 m)
Hohe Tauern – Grossglockner (3798 m)
Villgratenské hory – White Tip (2967 m)
Kizbüheler Alps – Kreuzjoch (2558 m)
Zillertal Alps – Hochfeiler (3510 m)
Tux Alps – Lizumer Reckner (2886 m)
Stubai Alps – Zuckerhütl (3507 m)
Ötztal Alps – Wildspitze (3770 m)
Silvretta – Piz Buin (3312 m)
Sesvenna – Piz Sesvenna (3205 m) (Austrian territory only extends its area)
Rätikon – Schesaplana (2965 m)
Gailtal Alps – Big Sandspitze (2772 m)
Carnic Alps – Hohewarte (2780 m)
Karavanke – Highchair (2236 m)

History of tourism

  • Historically, the first output climbing in Austria was climbing a glacier Ankogel peak in the Hohe Tauern in 1762. This piece was a success von Bergmann Turwiesen.
  • Already in 1800 was undertaken by the first expedition to the top of the Grossglockner. This action led by the Count of Salm and numbered 62 people. During the ascent were built two cottages. The higher the Adlersruhe in height 3461 m almost predestined place for contemporary chatuErzherzog Johann Hut (highest hut in the Eastern Alps). Reached the top of the mountain first Klotz brothers and father Horasch 28.7. 1800
  • In 1804 Archduke Johann climbed the highest mountains in the mountains of Rax, Schneeberg a v Ennstalských Alpach.
  • Year 1854 include the birth of the "golden age of alpinism", they are mainly due to the English sport climbers oppose almost all the highest mountains of the Alps. This era lasted roughly 20 let.
  • In 1862 was founded by the Austrian Alpine Association Alpenverein. At his birth were leading Austrian climbers Paul Grohmann,Guido Freiherr von Eduard Mojsisovics. In 1863 already published the first issue of the magazine published by association.
  • Czech working in the Austrian Alps has a long tradition. In 1870 was founded in Prague Prague at the Austrian section Alpenrevier. This section built in the Alps total 12 huts (New Prague hut aj.)

Source: Wikipedia, David Klaus

Austrian Alps

Accommodation in Austria